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Prostate cancer is a significant health concern for Canadian men. While genetics play a role, the good news is that lifestyle choices have a substantial impact on your risk. Understanding these factors and making proactive changes can significantly reduce your chances of developing this disease and potentially slow its progression if it does occur.

The Role of Family History

Family history is a well-established risk factor for prostate cancer. If you have a father, brother, or son who has been diagnosed with prostate cancer, your risk is elevated. The more close relatives affected, and the younger they were at diagnosis, the greater your risk. This doesn't mean you're destined to get prostate cancer, but it does highlight the importance of increased vigilance and early screening. Discuss your family history with your doctor to determine the most appropriate screening schedule for you.

Lifestyle Factors You Can Control

Beyond genetics, several lifestyle factors are strongly linked to prostate cancer risk. Fortunately, many of these are within your control:

• Diet: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains is associated with a lower risk. Specifically, studies suggest that lycopene, found in tomatoes and other red fruits, may offer protective benefits. Conversely, a diet high in red meat and processed foods has been linked to increased risk. Consider adopting a Mediterranean-style diet, which emphasizes plant-based foods, healthy fats, and lean protein.
• Exercise: Regular physical activity is crucial. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise per week, along with strength training exercises at least twice a week. Exercise helps maintain a healthy weight, reduces inflammation, and may improve hormone levels, all of which can positively impact prostate health.
• Weight Management: Obesity is a significant risk factor for prostate cancer, and it can also make treatment more challenging. Maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise is paramount.
• Smoking: Smoking has been linked to an increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer. Quitting smoking is one of the best things you can do for your overall health, including your prostate.
• Alcohol Consumption: While moderate alcohol consumption may have some health benefits, excessive alcohol intake has been associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. If you drink alcohol, do so in moderation (up to one drink per day for women and up to two drinks per day for men).

Early Detection and Screening

Regular screening is essential, especially for men with a family history of prostate cancer or those who are over 50. Screening typically involves a Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) blood test and a digital rectal exam (DRE). While PSA screening is controversial, discussing the risks and benefits with your doctor is crucial to make an informed decision. Early detection significantly improves the chances of successful treatment.

Taking Charge of Your Prostate Health

Don't wait until you experience symptoms. Proactive steps towards a healthy lifestyle and regular screening can significantly reduce your risk of prostate cancer and improve your overall health. Talk to your doctor about your individual risk factors and develop a personalized plan for prostate health. Your health is your responsibility - take charge today!